The natural occurrence of the genus arachis is limited to five countries, i. Arachis hypogaea peanut oil is a refined fixed oil obtained from the seed kernels of one ormore of the cultivated varieties of arachis hypogaea functions. Pagka karon wala pay siak nga nalista ubos niini niya. Evaluating two different models of peanuts origin nature. This is maintained at griffin, ga and is in the germplasm information resource network grin as pi 644011. The origin, variability and spread of the groundnut arachis hypogaea, translation by j. No authors listed peanut arachis hypogaea oil is the refined fixed oil obtained from the seed kernels of arachis hypogaea. Sweet potato sixteenth century peanut butter arachis hypogaea caribbean basin. Final report on the safety assessment of peanut arachis. Arachis definition of arachis by the free dictionary. Arachis hypogaea, arachis, sierra leone, sle, sierra leone, peanut, details. Origin, distribution, and taxonomy of arachis and sources of. Macrofossil and starch grain data show peanuts moved into the zana valley in northern peru 8500 years ago, presumably from the eastern side of the andes mountains, although the hulls found there do not have similar characteristics to modern domestic peanuts. Arachis hypogea peanut, groundnut, an annual oil seed belonging to the leguminosae family and the papillionacea subfamily, is a legume native to south america but now grown in diverse environments in six continents between latitudes 40 degrees n and 40 degrees s.
Smartt in the domestication and exploitation of plants and animals, eds p. Ang arachis hypogaea sakop sa kahenera nga arachis sa kabanay nga fabaceae. Arachis hypogaea peanut lis legume information system. The center of origin of groundnut is northeastern nigeria and northern cameroon. Origin, distribution, and taxonomy of arachis and sources of resistance to groundnut rust puccinia arachidis speg. They have 2n 20 as an ancestral chromosome number and most arachis species have 2n 2x 20 chromosomes, but a. Peanut flour is a powder obtained by the grinding of peanuts. The website also provides access to a database and images of herbarium specimens found at the university of south florida and other herbaria. Cultivated peanuts are allotetraploids, with subgenomes probably contributed by the hybridization of the diploid species arachis duranensis and arachis ipaensis see selected genetic maps, qtls, traits, and genome sequences at peanutbase. Arachis is a genus of about 70 species of annual and perennial flowering plants in the pea family, native to south america, and was recently assigned to the informal monophyletic pterocarpus clade of the dalbergieae. Like many other crops, the cultivated peanut arachis hypogaea l. Arachis hypogaea, commonly known as peanut, is an herbaceous perennial that is raised as an annual. Itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available, and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties. They are grown throughout the tropics and subtropics, but are most important in asia and africa.
Within the papilionoid legumes, peanut belongs to the dalbergioids, a clade separated from most other economically important legumes. However, recently we proposed that this cultigen arose through bilateral sexual polyploidization as the mechanism of origin for this cultigen seijo et al. Hydrogenated peanut oil, peanut acid, and peanut glycerides are all derived from peanut oil. It is classified as both a grain legume and, due to its high oil content, an oil crop. Arachis hypogaea, or goober, an annual preferring warmth and sun, is an attractive plant, resembling clover. Genomic characterisation of arachis porphyrocalyx valls.
A low, branching, selfpollinated annual legume cultivated for its edible seed, which is a oneloculed legume formed beneath the soil in a pod. Arachis hypogaea by marilyn nelson poetry foundation. General information about arachis hypogaea arhhy argentina, bolivia. An overview on arachis hypogaea plant international journal of.
However, it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes. The peanut, also known as the groundnut, goober us, or monkey nut uk, and taxonomically classified as arachis hypogaea, is a legume crop grown mainly for its edible seeds. An arachis hypogaea in nahilalakip ha genus nga arachis, ngan familia nga fabaceae. Cultivated peanuts are allotetraploids, with subgenomes probably contributed by the hybridization of the diploid species arachis duranensis and arachis ipaensis. Search form sgsv seedvault seed portal of the svalbard global. At least one species, the peanut arachis hypogaea, is a major food crop species of global importance. Arachis hypogaea by marilyn nelson about this poet marilyn nelson was born in cleveland, ohio, into a military family. Arachis hypogaea synonyms, arachis hypogaea pronunciation, arachis hypogaea translation, english dictionary definition of arachis hypogaea. Arachis hypogaea article about arachis hypogaea by the. China is the worlds largest peanut producer, contributing. We annotated 39 888 asubgenome genes and 41 526 bsubgenome.
Peanut oil organic groundnut oil arachis oil nature. It somewhat resembles in appearance a small sweet pea bush. Peanuts or groundnuts arachis hypogaea originate from south america but are now a major food crop world wide, with an annual production of around 38 million tonnes. It typically grows in a single season to 1020 tall and as wide. Native to tropical south america, the peanut was at an early time introduced to the old world tropics. Reproduced from the series plant resources of southeast asia, vols 120 19892000, by kind permission of the prosea foundation, bogor, indonesia. Arachis synonyms, arachis pronunciation, arachis translation, english dictionary definition of arachis. The atlas of florida plants provides a source of information for the distribution of plants within the state and taxonomic information. Sequencing of cultivated peanut, arachis hypogaea, yields. Download scientific diagram 3 centers of origin and diversity of arachis hypogaea in south america, i. Arachis hypogaea etymology edit coined by linnaeus as an alteration of ancient greek arakhos, an alternative form of arakos, chickling vetch. Nelson spent much of her youth living on different military bases and began writing poetry in. Genome of an allotetraploid wild peanut arachis monticola.
Peanuts blanched splits cmc commodity marketing company. While every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and uptodate information available, ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in. Arachis hypogaea cv tifrunner is a common cultivar of a. Providers nzflora provider contribution summary biostatus geo schema political region geo region new zealand occurrence sometimes present origin exotic. Provided by ars systematic botany and mycology laboratory. Peanut, arachis hypogaea, was domesticated at the foot of the south american andes within modernday argentina, bolivia, or paraguay. The peanut is only one of a few hundred species of legumes that produces flowers above ground but develops the fruit below ground. The root system consists of a welldeveloped taproot with many lateral roots, up to 5cm deep, but generally restricted to the upper layers of the soil. Peanut, arachis hypogaea, legume of the pea family fabaceae, grown for its edible seeds. Arachis hypogaea noun the noun arachis hypogaea has 1 sense 1. It is primarily grown as an agricultural crop for harvest of peanuts which have become a favorite food consumed world. Final report on the safety assessment of peanut arachis hypogaea oil, hydrogenated peanut oil, peanut acid, peanut glycerides, and peanut arachis hypogaea flour. Arachis hipogea article about arachis hipogea by the free.
Arachis hipogea article about arachis hipogea by the. Arachis hypogaea article about arachis hypogaea by the free. Arachis hypogaea widely cultivated american plant cultivated in tropical and warm regions. Arachis hypogaea definition of arachis hypogaea by the free. Arachis hypogea peanut, groundnut, an annual oil seed belonging to the leguminosae family and the papillionacea subfamily, is a legume. Cultivated peanut arachis hypogaea is an allotetraploid crop planted in asia, africa, and america for edible oil and protein. The origin and history of the groundnut springerlink. Origin and early history of the peanut sciencedirect. A study of the relationships of cultivated peanut arachis hypogaea and its most closely related wild species using intron sequences and microsatellite markers. Page designed through the cooperative efforts of interagency itis teams. May 11, 2020 a study of the relationships of cultivated peanut arachis hypogaea and its most closely related wild species using intron sequences and microsatellite markers. Peanut arachis hypogaea oil is the refined fixed oil obtained from the seed kernels of arachis hypogaea.
Jul 08, 2018 yerde bile yetisebilen muhtesem bitki. It is found in the wild from central nigeria eastwards to southern sudan and is now cultivated throughout tropical africa and to a lesser extent in tropical parts of the americas, asia and australia. The genome sequence of segmental allotetraploid peanut. Arachis hypogaea was believed to be originated from a single hybridization. Cultivated peanut, arachis hypogaea, is an allotetraploid 2n4x40 that contains two complete genomes, labeled the a and b genomes. Cultivated forms were first developed and selected in south america, and the crop is now grown in tropical and subtropical countries worldwide, including parts of the mediterranean region and near east. It is widely grown in the tropics and subtropics, being important to both small and large commercial produce. The oils and glycerides function in cosmetic formulations as skinconditioning agents. Pronunciation of arachis hypogaea with 2 audio pronunciations, 4 synonyms, 1 meaning, 2 translations and more for arachis hypogaea. It is widely grown in the tropics and subtropics, being important to both small and large commercial producers.
Arachis hypogaea definition of arachis hypogaea by the. The peanut, also known as the groundnut, goober us, or monkey nut uk, and taxonomically classified as arachis hypogaea, is a. To explore the origins and consequences of tetraploidy, we sequenced the allotetraploid a. Arachis is a genus of about 70 species of annual and perennial flowering plants in the pea family fabaceae, native to south america, and was recently assigned to the informal monophyletic pterocarpus clade of the dalbergieae. Arachis hypogaea, is usually accepted to have arisen via hybridization and further chromosome doubling. Origin, distribution, and taxonomy of arachis and sources. Widely cultivated american plant cultivated in tropical and warm regions. Almost certainly, peanut cultivation antedated this at the center of origin where the climate is moister.
The seeds are a nutritionally dense food, rich in protein and fat. The headwaters of the paraguay river in the region of mato grosso is considered to be the center of origin of the genus. Section arachis is of particular interest because it contains 30 diploid wild species, one tetraploid wild species a. Dictionary entry details arachis hypogaea noun sense 1. A plant species of the family fabaceae that yields edible seeds, the familiar peanuts, which contain protein, oil and lectins. The taxonomy of the genus is not well delineated and the grouping of species into seven sections is only tentative. Arachis hypogaea is an annual plant with erect or prostrate stems up to 70cm long.
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